Q1) “The Govt sould have lesser & lesser role in the activities related health”. Give arguments in favour and against of this statement.
Ans) Liberalisation has opened new opportunities for private investment in the country. The Govt.`s role in this situation is debatable.
Favour :
> Population growing Day by Day, not possible for govt to provide health care & other facilities for growing population.
> To cater needs of vast chunk of humanity, Govt should allow entry of private parties in this sectos.
> Pollution related problems are touching all time high graph, more investment and hospitals are needed for this.
> Such huge investment could be provided through private sector hence Govt should have lesser role in this sector
Against :
Govt should take care of social sector, withoutn social developmentoverall development of a country cannot be achieved.
> Despite govt.`s inefficiency in this sector, its coverage on national scale is quite extensive.
> Most of the population is below poverty line, and they need free or cheap medical services, which is possible only by Govt health schemes.
> So govt should play active role in this sector
Q2) Learning a foreign language is in vogue these days. Give reasons why people learn foreign languages?
Ans)
> With opening up of economy, many foreign companies are coming to the Indian Market. These companies want that the employee should know foreing languages so that if he/she is shifted to any foreing country so he could handle his job there .
> Huge talented work force in India, but rate of unemployment is very high, so to gain extra quality in himself or to stand different from others the person learn some foreign languages.
> Many people have to go abroad to study or for job so they should learn to speak kanguage of that country.
> Besides economic considerations some have ardent desire to learn language and culture of of other countries.
Q3) Many educationists think that private coaching centres should be banned. Give two arguments against the statement?
Ans) Teaching is a noble profession.Has got Professional touch nowadays.Coaching Institutes have become Money Making centers.Some Coaching Institutes helping Govt in noble cause of eradicating illitracy.
FAVOUR
Main aim behind running institutes is maximising profit, not to educate students.
Output is minimal in comparision of high fees charged by them.
Many coaching institutes lack proper ambience infrastucture and teacher
AGAINST
Quality of education at Govt and private schools is not up to the mark.
Unable to cater the needs of students in the age of fierce competition.
Therefore, operating private coaching centres is not a malpractice.
If anybody wants to make profit out of any human-resource development activity, it is not a bad activity.
If quality of education enhances money taken as fee doesnt matter.
The number of and colleges are not enough to meet demands of grouping population.
Q4) “Suppose there are no banking system”, State three possible consequences if such a situation arise.
Ans) In primitive system, barter system existed. Economy was localised.
With evolution of civilization trade and commerce became complex.
People felt barter system should be replaced by Monetary system.
After this Banking system grew.
Today banking system is backbone of any economy.
CONSEQUENCES:
1) Big business firms will have to stop all sort of transactions. Everything is assessed in terms of money, and bank play intermediate role. Without any intermediatary economy will collapse.
2) Widespread unemployment and anarchy in society.
3) People deposit savings in banks, and free from burden of theft & burglary. So with no banks all wealth will be in houses and give rice to more criminal activities.
Q5) What are capital gains? What are the Pros & Cons of taxing capital gains?
Ans) Capital gains accure when value of capital assets increases and are realised when asset is sold in the market.
Pros
1) Capital gains are unearned increments occuring due to working of market forces and so the gains really belong to the society and not to owner.
2) Complete abolition of capital gain tax will result in manipulation of many non capital to capital transactions.
3) Capital gain tax tampers capital mobility.
Cons
1) Such a tax penalises savers and discourages capital information.
2) Problems like differentiating capital and non capital transactions also arises on the imposition of a capital gain tax.
3) Bunching and timing problems : Should the taxes be assessed and collected on the basis of accrual or realised basis.
Q6) “Man is maker of his own Destiny”. Explain this statement with suitable examples.
Ans) Among all the living beings, man is the only living being who is free to choose. This freedom of choice entails that man will choose responsibility.
The statement above does not come from any existential philosopher, but the tenor of the statement is akin to existentialism, which make nam responsible for anything he does.
The sacred book GITA alsoholds man responsible for all his actions and karmawhich ultimately determines his fate or destiny.
It is quite natural to assert therefore, that if a man is free to choose his actions he must be maker of his own destiny. Law of karma assert the truth that “one reaps what one sows”. For your actions are like the seeds which give the fruits- good or bad, bitter or sweet, tasty or sour.
But for the critics it is not the same, to them man is too insignificant, too powerless, and too small before the infinite universe with its infinite forces. He as good as a floating object in the ocean whose waves toss him hither and thither.
There are examples of great men like Napoleon and Alexander who rose to great heights from number beginning.
In human history there are any nu8mber of examplesof discoverers and scientists who toiled day and night to bring something new to the world, this was result of their hard work. therefore no doubt “Man is maker of his destiny”.
Q7) The problem of “Generation Gap” has given the birth of social tension. Suggest some measures to bridge this GAP and also suggest that how the ways shown by you would be effective.
Ans.
> Change – Law of nature
> Adapt as per pace of change
> Who dont adapt facew tremendous problems
> Old people do not easily accept new trends and values of youngsters.
Some measures are as follows
1) > Balance of sentiments between society and individual.
> Individual should follow norms of society
> Old not too much Asserrtive & young not too much bohemain
> This way many cracks of castle of society could be cemented
2) > Old should not blame youngsters for evils in society
> Should not condemn them as selfish & rotten lot
> Should assign due importance “The tempora & Mores”(Custom & time)
> Young should share wise experience of seniors
3) > Family is main linking unit between individuals, joint family establishes atmosphere of harmony and reconciliation & there a good place to nurture opinion of views between young & old.So Joint famiuly is an effective tool for shortening generation gap.
Q8) In Post liberalization era Multinational Corporation (MNC`s) are entering into business ventures in India. Give 2 harmful effects of the operation of MNCs on Indian Economy.
Ans. The operation of MNCs open up possibilities of interference in industrial activity of recipient country and thus resented by nationalist thinkers.
Their arguments can be summed up as follows:
1) DISTORTION OF ECONOMIC STUCTURE :
inflict heavy damage on host country, such as suppression of domestic entrepreneurship,
extension of oligopolistic practices (heavy advertising, heavy profit making)
supplying economy with unsuitable technology and unsuitable products
distorting the productiuon stucture to meet requirements of high income elites
2) POLITICAL INTERFERENCE :
MNCs have immence power and money to make decision making process in non developed countries
Though they transfer technology, but models and patterns are not in harmony with the intrest of host countries
3) TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER NOT NECESSARILY CONDUCTIVE TO DEVELOPMENT :
In case of technology transfer, behavious pattern of MNCs reveals that they do not engage in Research & development activities of underdeveloped countries
R & D activities continue to be centralised in parent country while host countries have to bear bulk of their costs.
